Correspondence has to be established to trace the roots of philology and associate it with anthropology to assess relationship between language family and ethnic groups. Language can be coded and decoded and reduced to writing for permanent memory and thought preservation. It cannot be transmitted genetically and hence there is no hereditary language. Language depends upon signs and symbols. Signs indicate the existence of an object such as clouds indicating sign of an impending rain whereas a weather flag denotes a symbol of rain. Symbol can be explained through morpheme and phoneme. Morpheme stands for minimal indivisible grammatical unit such as the word ‘write’. Phonemes are units of sound that represent utterances. The terms etic and emic denote observational phenomenon. Words and objects are two isolates joined by human mind. Language and culture go together but language plays a more deterministic role. This covariance between language and social structure creates a new discipline called sociolinguistics. Key Words: philological tradition, anthropological linguistics, genetic transmission, lexemes, cultural inventory, morphemes etc.